Accounting concepts, TallyPrime, GST, TDS/TCS examples, receivables/payables, bank reconciliation and financial reporting.
What you will cover
Accounting concepts
TallyPrime
GST
TDS/TCS examples
receivables/payables
bank reconciliation
financial reporting
Topic list from the institute's programme record.
Certification
Certificate terms for this programme are confirmed by the institute at admission. Any ADIVAS course-completion certificate is an institute certificate; it is not a university degree, an externally accredited qualification or a vendor certification (such as AWS or Microsoft) unless the institute states so in writing.
Curriculum 0.1 · Draft: written for ADIVAS and awaiting academic review and approval. Topics and weeks may change before your batch starts.
Your skill trail
You move through 5 stations. Each week builds one skill you can show, not just a topic you have heard.
1
Accounting concepts
Learn double entry, the accounting cycle and statements on paper.
Week 1 Why accounts matter: concepts and the equation
Week 2 Journal, ledger and trial balance
Week 3 Adjustments and final accounts on paper
2
TallyPrime foundation
Set up a company, ledgers and record core vouchers.
Week 4 Starting a company in TallyPrime
Week 5 Cash, bank and journal vouchers
Week 6 Sales, purchase, notes and party accounts
3
GST and trade documents
Issue, record and reconcile GST sales and purchases with stock.
Week 7 GST mechanism and registration concepts
Week 8 GST in TallyPrime: sales and purchases
Week 9 GST reports, reconciliation and return preparation review
Week 10 Inventory and costing
4
TDS, TCS and credit control
Understand deduction and collection mechanisms and manage receivables and payables.
Week 11 TDS and TCS: mechanisms with examples
Week 12 Receivables, payables and credit control
5
Reconciliation and reporting
Reconcile the bank, close a period and produce statements.
Week 13 Bank reconciliation
Week 14 Period-end adjustments and trial balance review
Week 15 Financial statements and reading them
Week 16 Capstone: complete books of a small business
★
Full-Cycle Books for a Provision Store
Your project, reviewed by a trainer.
The ADIVAS mastery ladder: how each skill is recognised
Explored You have seen the idea and tried a first example.
Practising You can do it with hints and keep improving.
Proficient You complete the weekly practical task correctly on your own.
Proven You apply it in a project reviewed by your trainer.
Skill-level tracking is being added to the learner workspace. Your trainer already reviews weekly practical work.
What you will be able to do
Apply accounting concepts and record transactions with double entry, including adjustments such as depreciation and accruals.
Configure a TallyPrime company with groups, ledgers, cost of stock and opening balances.
Record all everyday voucher types and correct errors with an audit trail.
Handle GST sales, purchases, returns and input credit, and read GST reports for a return-preparation review.
Explain and record TDS and TCS using examples with clearly stated assumptions.
Manage receivables and payables with bill-wise tracking, ageing and follow-up decisions.
Reconcile bank statements and prepare a reconciliation statement.
Prepare and interpret trial balance, profit and loss, balance sheet and cash-flow views for an owner.
Who it suits
School Commerce stream students in Classes 11-12 curious about how a real business keeps its books.
College B.Com, BBA and similar students who want a complete practical accounting skill set.
Professional Accounts executives, small-business owners and career changers who want to handle the full books of a firm.
Prerequisites: Basic computer use and comfort with numbers. No prior accounting needed. Tools: TallyPrime, Excel or LibreOffice Calc, Sample invoices, bank statements and stock lists supplied by the institute, PDF reader for GST and bank documents.
Weekly plan
Accounting concepts Weeks 1–3
Week 1: Why accounts matter: concepts and the equation
Theory
Purpose of accounting and who uses it
Business entity, going concern and cost concepts in simple words
Accounting equation and effect of transactions
Types of accounts and their normal balances
Lab
Take a one-month story of a Madurai tiffin shop, identify the effect of each of 20 events on assets, liabilities and capital in a table.
Homework
Create the opening accounting equation for your own household budget.
Deliverable
Transaction-effect table for 20 events.
Weekly checkpoint
Quiz on concepts and a 10-event equation exercise.
You will be able to
Apply accounting concepts and record transactions with double entry, including adjustments such as depreciation and accruals.
Week 2: Journal, ledger and trial balance
Theory
Rules of debit and credit
Journal entries with narration
Posting to the ledger and balancing accounts
Trial balance: purpose and its limits
Lab
Journalise 25 transactions for a provision store, post to ledgers, balance accounts and prepare a trial balance on paper.
Homework
Find a deliberate posting error in a trial balance given by the trainer.
Deliverable
Journal, ledgers and trial balance workbook.
Weekly checkpoint
Journal entry test and an error-hunt question.
You will be able to
Apply accounting concepts and record transactions with double entry, including adjustments such as depreciation and accruals.
Week 3: Adjustments and final accounts on paper
Theory
Depreciation: straight-line example
Accrued and prepaid expenses and income
Closing stock and cost of goods sold
Profit and loss account and balance sheet layout
Lab
Take the trial balance from week 2, record adjustments and prepare the profit and loss account and balance sheet.
Homework
Compute straight-line depreciation for three assets and explain the effect on profit.
Deliverable
Final accounts with adjustment notes.
Weekly checkpoint
Calculation test on depreciation and accruals and a balance sheet layout task.
You will be able to
Apply accounting concepts and record transactions with double entry, including adjustments such as depreciation and accruals. Prepare and interpret trial balance, profit and loss, balance sheet and cash-flow views for an owner.
TallyPrime foundation Weeks 4–6
Week 4: Starting a company in TallyPrime
Theory
Company creation, financial year and features
Groups, ledgers and naming rules
Opening balances and tallying them
Security: user roles, passwords handled by the owner, backup
Lab
Create a company for a provision store, add 40 ledgers under correct groups, enter opening balances and take a backup.
Homework
Rename any ambiguous ledger and justify the change.
Deliverable
Company file, ledger list and backup.
Weekly checkpoint
Hands-on set-up test and group-matching questions.
You will be able to
Configure a TallyPrime company with groups, ledgers, cost of stock and opening balances.
Week 5: Cash, bank and journal vouchers
Theory
Payment, receipt and contra vouchers
Journal vouchers for adjustments
Narration and references for audit
Daybook and cash book review
Lab
Enter a fortnight of cash and bank transactions, including a UPI collection and a bank transfer, then review the daybook for errors.
Homework
List five good narration examples and five poor ones.
Deliverable
Fortnight daybook and a corrected-entries log.
Weekly checkpoint
Voucher selection questions and a data-entry task.
You will be able to
Record all everyday voucher types and correct errors with an audit trail.
Week 6: Sales, purchase, notes and party accounts
Theory
Accounting-invoice versus item-invoice mode
Party ledgers and bill references
Credit notes and debit notes
Altering and deleting entries and the audit trail
Lab
Record 15 sales and 12 purchases, handle two returns with notes, link part payments to bills and review party ledgers.
Homework
Write the steps to correct a voucher posted to the wrong party.
Deliverable
Party ledger pack with notes and corrections.
Weekly checkpoint
Scenario questions on returns and a bill-wise entry task.
You will be able to
Record all everyday voucher types and correct errors with an audit trail. Manage receivables and payables with bill-wise tracking, ageing and follow-up decisions.
GST and trade documents Weeks 7–10
Week 7: GST mechanism and registration concepts
Theory
What GST taxes and who must register, in outline
Supply, place of supply and the intra- and inter-state rule
CGST, SGST and IGST and the idea of input tax credit
Tax invoice, bill of supply and what must appear on each
Example rates versus actual rates and how to look them up on the official portal
Lab
Using trainer-given example rates, classify 12 supply cases as intra- or inter-state and write the tax lines that appear on each invoice.
Homework
Collect two real printed invoices from a shop with permission and tick which mandatory fields are present.
Deliverable
Classification sheet and an invoice checklist.
Weekly checkpoint
Mechanism questions and a case-classification task.
You will be able to
Handle GST sales, purchases, returns and input credit, and read GST reports for a return-preparation review.
Week 8: GST in TallyPrime: sales and purchases
Theory
Enabling GST and setting tax ledgers
Stock items with HSN or SAC and tax details
Sales and purchase vouchers with taxes
Reverse charge outline and ineligible credit in simple terms
Voucher checks: GSTIN, place of supply, tax split
Lab
Enter 10 GST sales, 10 GST purchases and two returns, then use the GST reports to find a deliberately mis-tagged invoice.
Homework
Fix the mis-tagged invoice and write what the report showed before and after.
Deliverable
GST voucher set and error-fix note.
Weekly checkpoint
Invoice-reading questions and a GST entry task.
You will be able to
Handle GST sales, purchases, returns and input credit, and read GST reports for a return-preparation review.
Week 9: GST reports, reconciliation and return preparation review
Theory
GST summary, input and output registers
Matching your purchase register with supplier-reported invoices in outline
Common mismatches: missing invoices, wrong GSTIN, timing
Reviewing a return summary before filing, by the responsible person
Record keeping and retention in simple terms
Lab
Compare a purchase register with a mock supplier list, mark mismatches, decide what to ask each supplier and prepare a return-review checklist (no portal filing in class).
Homework
Write a polite supplier request for a missing invoice.
Deliverable
Mismatch report and checklist.
Weekly checkpoint
Reconciliation questions and a mismatch-hunt practical.
You will be able to
Handle GST sales, purchases, returns and input credit, and read GST reports for a return-preparation review.
Week 10: Inventory and costing
Theory
Stock groups, units, godowns and batches
Weighted average and FIFO with calculations
Stock journal, transfers and manufacturing in outline
Physical stock verification and negative stock
Cost of goods sold link to profit
Lab
Create 25 stock items, record purchases, sales, a godown transfer and a damage write-off, then match system stock with a physical count.
Homework
Compute closing stock value under both weighted average and FIFO for a given data set.
Deliverable
Stock reports and a verification sheet.
Weekly checkpoint
Valuation calculation and stock-entry practical.
You will be able to
Configure a TallyPrime company with groups, ledgers, cost of stock and opening balances. Handle GST sales, purchases, returns and input credit, and read GST reports for a return-preparation review.
TDS, TCS and credit control Weeks 11–12
Week 11: TDS and TCS: mechanisms with examples
Theory
What tax deducted at source means: deduct on payment and deposit with government
Who deducts, from which payments and why sections and rates change
Tax collected at source in outline: seller collects from buyer in specified cases
Recording TDS payable and TCS in vouchers using example rates
Certificates, due dates and checking current rules on the official portal
Lab
Using clearly labelled example rates, book a consultant payment with TDS and a sale with TCS, show the liability ledgers and prepare the deposit entry.
Homework
Write why using an old rate from a book can cause an error.
Deliverable
TDS and TCS ledger set and a rate-assumption note.
Weekly checkpoint
Mechanism and calculation questions plus a voucher practical.
You will be able to
Explain and record TDS and TCS using examples with clearly stated assumptions.
Week 12: Receivables, payables and credit control
Theory
Bill-wise outstanding and ageing reports
Credit policy, credit limit and follow-up routine
Advance receipts and adjusting against invoices
Bad debts and provision, in outline
Supplier payment planning and cash forecast
Lab
Using ageing data of 15 customers, rank who to call first, draft reminders, propose payment dates for suppliers and prepare a one-week cash plan.
Homework
Write a three-line payment follow-up script.
Deliverable
Ageing analysis and a one-week cash plan.
Weekly checkpoint
Case questions on credit decisions and a report task.
You will be able to
Manage receivables and payables with bill-wise tracking, ageing and follow-up decisions.
Reconciliation and reporting Weeks 13–16
Week 13: Bank reconciliation
Theory
Reasons books and bank differ
Cheques not presented, deposits in transit, charges and interest
Using reconciliation in TallyPrime
Reconciliation statement and escalation of unexplained items
Controls: segregation of duties and reviewing reconciliations
Lab
Reconcile two months of a simulated bank statement, record bank charges and interest, and prepare statements with explanations.
Homework
Explain to a shop owner why the bank balance differs from the books.
Deliverable
Two reconciliation statements.
Weekly checkpoint
Numeric reconciliation test and a Tally practical.
You will be able to
Reconcile bank statements and prepare a reconciliation statement.
Week 14: Period-end adjustments and trial balance review
Theory
Depreciation, accruals, prepaid and provisions in the software
Journal vouchers for adjustments with support
Trial balance review and abnormal balances
Closing stock effect on profit
Period lock and audit trail
Lab
Take a ledger set with five adjustments, post them, review the trial balance for abnormal balances and lock the period.
Homework
Write a short adjustment support file for each journal.
Deliverable
Adjusted trial balance with supporting notes.
Weekly checkpoint
Adjustment questions and a review task.
You will be able to
Apply accounting concepts and record transactions with double entry, including adjustments such as depreciation and accruals. Prepare and interpret trial balance, profit and loss, balance sheet and cash-flow views for an owner.
Week 15: Financial statements and reading them
Theory
Profit and loss, balance sheet and ratios: gross margin, net margin, current ratio
Common-size thinking and comparing periods
Cash flow view in simple terms
Exporting to Excel and a one-page dashboard
Interpreting results honestly for an owner
Lab
Prepare statements for two consecutive months, compute three ratios and write a one-page explanation of why profit differs from cash.
Homework
Prepare two questions an owner might ask about your report.
Deliverable
Statement pack, ratio sheet and owner summary.
Weekly checkpoint
Interpretation questions and a report exercise.
You will be able to
Prepare and interpret trial balance, profit and loss, balance sheet and cash-flow views for an owner.
Week 16: Capstone: complete books of a small business
Theory
Putting the cycle together from vouchers to statements
Quality checks and error logs
Presenting to a non-accountant
Ethics: accuracy, confidentiality and not adjusting numbers to please
Next steps in learning
Lab
Complete a full month for a given business: vouchers, GST, stock, TDS or TCS examples, bank reconciliation and statements; present in ten minutes.
Homework
Self-review using the capstone rubric and list three improvements.
Deliverable
Capstone company file, report pack and presentation.
Weekly checkpoint
Capstone assessment with a viva on traceability from report to voucher.
You will be able to
Apply accounting concepts and record transactions with double entry, including adjustments such as depreciation and accruals. Configure a TallyPrime company with groups, ledgers, cost of stock and opening balances. Record all everyday voucher types and correct errors with an audit trail. Handle GST sales, purchases, returns and input credit, and read GST reports for a return-preparation review. Explain and record TDS and TCS using examples with clearly stated assumptions. Manage receivables and payables with bill-wise tracking, ageing and follow-up decisions. Reconcile bank statements and prepare a reconciliation statement. Prepare and interpret trial balance, profit and loss, balance sheet and cash-flow views for an owner.
Sample lessons
Week 5
Double entry and the voucher
Every transaction has two sides. Something is received and something is given. Double entry records both, so total debits always equal total credits. In TallyPrime you enter each transaction as a voucher, such as Payment, Receipt, Sales or Journal, and Tally posts it to the correct ledgers. If you choose the wrong ledger or voucher type, reports will be wrong even though the voucher looks fine.
Transaction
Debit
Credit
Cash sale ₹2,000
Cash
Sales
Electricity paid ₹1,800
Electricity expense
Bank
Credit purchase ₹20,000
Purchases
Supplier
Customer pays ₹5,000
Bank
Customer
Step by step
Ask: what came in and what went out?
Choose the voucher type: Sales for a sale, Payment for money going out.
Select the correct ledgers and enter amounts and narration.
Check the posted effect in the ledger and the daybook.
Verify that the trial balance still balances.
In real life
A Madurai stationery shop sells notebooks worth ₹2,000 for cash. Cash increases (debit) and sales income increases (credit). The same voucher feeds the daybook, the cash ledger and the profit and loss account.
Worked example
Problem. The shop pays electricity bill ₹1,800 by bank transfer. Which accounts are debited and credited?
Solution. Debit Electricity Expense 1,800 because an expense is incurred; credit Bank 1,800 because the bank balance falls. Voucher type: Payment.
Common mistakes
Debiting the bank when money leaves it.
Using Journal for everyday cash and bank entries instead of Payment and Receipt.
Leaving narration empty so nobody can explain the entry later.
Try it yourself
Write the debit and credit for buying a computer for ₹40,000 by cheque.
Write the entry when a customer pays ₹5,000 against an earlier credit sale.
Week 13
Bank reconciliation step by step
The bank statement and your cash book rarely agree on the same date. Timing differences such as cheques issued but not yet presented, and deposits not yet credited, are normal. Items like bank charges or interest are in the bank but missing from your books. Reconciliation lists every difference, corrects your books for the real ones and explains the rest, so you know your true bank balance.
1Cash book balance
2Add/less items missing from books
3Adjusted book balance
4Add/less timing items
5Bank statement balance
Step by step
Tick each entry that appears in both the cash book and the statement.
List unticked cash book items: cheques not presented and deposits not credited.
List unticked statement items: charges, interest and direct credits not in your books.
Record the missing items in your books.
Confirm adjusted book balance matches the statement after timing differences.
In real life
A garment trader sees ₹84,500 in the books but the bank shows ₹86,250. Reconciliation finds a ₹6,000 cheque still with a supplier, a ₹4,000 deposit made after bank cut-off and ₹250 of charges not entered.
Worked example
Problem. Book balance ₹84,500; unpresented cheque ₹6,000; uncredited deposit ₹4,000; bank charges ₹250. Find the statement balance.
Treating timing differences as errors and changing the books.
Not recording bank charges and interest in the books.
Reconciling only the total without ticking individual entries.
Try it yourself
Reconcile a statement showing ₹52,000 when the books show ₹54,500 with two items in transit.
List three reasons a cheque you issued may not appear on the statement.
Try the questions
The same skills are asked at three levels: School (Classes 6–12), College and Professional. Switch the level and the language (English or Tamil), and say how sure you are before you check: knowing what you are unsure about is part of learning.
Classes 6–12: everyday examples, no prior knowledge. Practice only. Nothing here is graded or saved.
Question 1 / 4 · Accounting equation
Ravi's tea stall has assets worth ₹10,000. He owes ₹4,000 to a supplier. How much is Ravi's own money (capital) in the stall?
Projects
Full-Cycle Books for a Provision Store
A Madurai provision store has a month of cash and credit sales, purchases from three suppliers, a consultant payment, stock and a bank statement. Build the books in TallyPrime with GST and TDS examples using stated example rates, reconcile the bank and explain results to the owner.
Tasks
Set up the company, ledgers, stock and opening balances.
Record all vouchers with bill references and correct three planted errors.
Prepare GST and TDS entries with assumptions stated beside each rate.
Reconcile the bank statement and prepare an ageing analysis of receivables.
Produce the financial statements and a one-page owner explanation.
Sample input
Purchase Bill 88: 200 kg rice, taxable value 9,000 + tax at the example rate; Consultant fee 20,000 with example TDS rate 10%; Bank charge 177.
Expected output
Agreeing trial balance, GST summary matching invoices, TDS liability ledger, bank reconciliation with no unexplained item and statements with a clear note on profit versus cash.
How it is assessed
Criterion
Weight
Accuracy of vouchers and ledgers
25%
GST and TDS treatment with stated assumptions
20%
Receivables and reconciliation
20%
Financial statements
20%
Explanation and ethics
15%
Stretch challenge: Compare two months and recommend one cost to reduce and one collection action.
Receivables Rescue Plan
A trader has 18 customers with overdue balances from 20 to 140 days. Use ageing, credit limits and party history to propose a collection plan and a revised credit policy.
Tasks
Produce a bill-wise ageing report.
Segment customers into low, medium and high risk with reasons.
Draft reminder messages in Tamil and English.
Propose a credit limit and terms for each segment.
Sample input
Customer A: 75,000 outstanding, oldest invoice 75 days, pays in two instalments historically.
Expected output
A ranked customer list, reminder drafts, a credit-policy page and an expected cash inflow for the next month.
How it is assessed
Criterion
Weight
Correct ageing and totals
30%
Sound risk reasoning
30%
Communication quality
20%
Practical policy
20%
Stretch challenge: Estimate a provision for doubtful debts with a stated method.
How you are assessed
Each week: ten questions mixing concept, calculation, document reading and one diagram question, plus a TallyPrime task on unseen data of 30-45 minutes.
Practical work. Learners complete voucher entry, GST treatment, reconciliation and report interpretation on unseen company data, checked against an answer key and trace-back to source documents.
What trainers look for
Weight
Accuracy and reconciliation
40%
GST, TDS and TCS treatment with stated assumptions
20%
Reports and interpretation
20%
Documentation and ethics
20%
Where this can lead
Prepares you for accounts-executive and accounting-assistant roles in small and medium businesses.
Prepares you for GST-support and bookkeeping tasks and for further accounting studies.
These describe skills you will build. ADIVAS does not guarantee jobs, placement or salary.
Other programmes in Accounting, Finance & Business Applications
